| I |
WATER IN THE GROUND |
1 |
| | | |
| 1 |
Geologic Formations as Aquifers |
3 |
| 1.1 |
Introduction |
3 |
| 1.2 |
The Hydrologic Cycle |
4 |
| 1.3 |
Ground Water in Storage |
6 |
| 1.4 |
Connate Water |
6 |
| 1.5 |
Aquifers |
6 |
| 1.6 |
Porosity |
6 |
| 1.7 |
Heterogeneity and Anistophy |
9 |
| 1.8 |
Fractures: Joints and Faults |
10 |
| 1.9 |
Descriptive Properties of Aquifers |
11 |
| 1.10 |
Application to Geologic Formations |
12 |
| 1.11 |
Glacial Deposits |
13 |
| 1.12 |
Bedrock Aquifers |
14 |
| 1.13 |
Volcanics |
15 |
| References |
|
15 |
| Reading List |
|
15 |
| | | |
| 2 |
Movement of Ground Water |
16 |
| 2.1 |
Introduction |
16 |
| 2.2 |
Fundamental Laws and Principles |
16 |
| 2.3 |
Differential Equations for Ground Water Flow |
20 |
| 2.4 |
Aquifer Parameter |
24 |
| 2.5 |
Applications of Ground Water Flow |
27 |
| References |
|
33 |
| | | |
| 3 |
Exploration for Ground Water |
34 |
| 3.1 |
Introduction |
34 |
| 3.2 |
Project Definition |
34 |
| 3.3 |
The Preliminary Ground Water Study |
35 |
| 3.4 |
Geohydrologic Setting |
36 |
| 3.5 |
The Hydrologic Budget |
39 |
| 3.6 |
Geohydrologic Methods of Investigation |
42 |
| 3.7 |
Geophysical Studies |
43 |
| 3.8 |
Synthesis of Data |
50 |
| 3.9 |
Test Drilling |
50 |
| References |
|
50 |
| Reading List |
|
51 |
| | | |
| 4 |
Geophysical Borehole Logging |
52 |
| 4.1 |
Introduction |
52 |
| 4.2 |
Formation Resistivity and Conductivity |
52 |
| 4.3 |
Principles of Resistivity Measurement |
53 |
| 4.4 |
Lateral Resistivity Device |
63 |
| 4.5 |
Spontaneous Potential Logging |
67 |
| 4.6 |
Porosity Measuring Techniques |
76 |
| 4.7 |
Gamma Ray Logging |
77 |
| 4.8 |
Other Logging Devices |
79 |
| 4.9 |
Log Interpretation and Application to Water Well Completion |
80 |
| References |
|
83 |
| Reading List |
|
83 |
| | | |
| 5 |
Hydraulics of Wells |
84 |
| 5.1 |
Introduction |
84 |
| 5.2 |
Equations for Aquifer Drawdown |
86 |
| 5.3 |
Applications and Special Well/Aquifer Conditions |
90 |
| 5.4 |
Well and Near-Well Characteristics |
97 |
| References |
|
107 |
